有关区块链的认识误区之三——智能合约真的“智能”么?
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关键词:区块链;智能合约;安全;执行;语言;效率;涉外法律服务;专业律师
本文约1481字,大概需要阅读5分钟。
上一期我们简要分析了区块链的安全机制,并指出无论从密码学、算力、扩展程序方面来审核,这一安全机制并非绝对。这一期,我们再来聊聊智能合约。
智能合约,英文称之为“Smart Contract”。其实很早就有关于智能合约这一说法研究了,区块链只是采用了智能合约的方式。
那么为什么要采用智能合约呢?
而区块链呢,正是巧妙地采用了智能合约的机制,撇开了任何第三方机构而能够达成“合约”并实现价值交换。比特币就是一个不依赖于任何第三方媒介就可以实现交换的例子,这也是智能合约在区块链当中的典型表现。
但到底什么是智能合约呢?
A Smart Contract is an electronic transaction protocol that executes the terms of a contract. The general objectives are to satisfy common contractual conditions(such as payment terms, liens, confidentiality, and even enforcement), minimize exceptions both malicious and accidental, and minimize the need for trusted intermediaries. Related economic goals include lowering fraud loss, arbitrations and enforcement costs, and other transactions costs.
最后举一个例子,即DAOs上以太币被盗事件,我们看到,正是因为他的自动执行和强制执行,所以目前受损失的人是无法通过现实世界的法律去要求盗窃者归还的,因为“代码即法律”,“盗窃者”同样是通过代码实现的交易,而交易的代码也默认是“不分青红皂白”就可以执行。
所以,通过智能合约也可以反映出一个重大问题,即效率与安全永远是一对“相爱相杀”的孪生兄弟,也是人类一直所面对的终极难题。
本文作者:闪涛律师
WeChat:davy_shan
Email:davy_shan@vip.163.com
广信君达高级合伙人律师/Senior Partner of ETR Law Firm
广东外语外贸大学法学院教授、硕士研究生导师/ Professor, Postgraduate Tutor, School of Law, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies
闪涛律师团队专注于涉外法律服务、公司法务、并购、解散、破产、清算、金融、证券、私募等领域Davy Team focus on foreign legal services, company law, mergers and acquisitions, dissolution, bankruptcy, liquidation, finance, securities, private equity and other legal fields.
◆中华全国律师协会涉外法律事务领军人才库人选
Member of Leading Chinese Lawyers in International Legal Affairs organized by All China Lawyers Association
◆司法部“全国千名涉外律师人才名录”
Member of “National Talent Directory of Thousand Foreign-related Lawyers” approved by Ministry of Justice of China
◆司法部、全国律师协会“一带一路”跨境律师人才库首批成员
One of the First Members of National Project of “Belt and Road” Cross-Border Lawyers Directory of Ministry of Justice of China
◆司法部、全国律师协会“一带一路”项目沙特阿拉伯国别协调人、埃塞俄比亚国别协调人
Mediator of National Project of “Belt and Road”for Saudi Arabia and Ethiopia of Ministry of Justice of China
◆广东省涉外律师领军人才库成员
Member of Leading Lawyers in International Legal Services of Guangdong Province by Guangdong Lawyers Association
◆广州市司法局涉外调解律师专家库成员
Member of Expert Database of External Mediation Lawyers of Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Justice
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